At the EU-Ukraine Summit in Paris in September 2008, the parties agreed that the new enlarged agreement would be called the Association Agreement. On the proposal of the EU and with the consent of its Ukrainian counterparts, the agreement was given its final and official title „Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part“. The first states to sign such an agreement were Greece (1961)[2] and Turkey (1963). [3] Mediterranean countries (Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia) and Eastern European neighbours (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, but with the exception of Russia, which insists on the creation of four EU-Russia common spaces) fall under the ENP. Seven of the Mediterranean countries have a „Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement“ (EMAA) with the EU in force, while Palestine has an interim EMAA in force. [4] Syria initialled an EMAA in 2008, but the signature was postponed indefinitely. Negotiations on a framework agreement with the rest of the Libyan state have been suspended. Moldova and the Eastern Partnership with Ukraine have association agreements in force. Armenia concluded negotiations on an AA in 2013, but decided not to sign the agreement[5], while Azerbaijan was negotiating an AA. A European Union Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a third country that provides a framework for cooperation between them.
Areas often covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security relations. The legal basis for the conclusion of Association Agreements is Article 217 TFEU (former Articles 310 and 238 of the EC Treaty). Association agreements are comprehensive framework agreements between the EU (or its predecessors) and its Member States, as well as an external state that regulates their bilateral relations. The provision of an Association Agreement was incorporated into the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community to enable the Community to cooperate with the United Kingdom, which had withdrawn from the Treaty negotiations at the Messina Conference in 1955. According to the European External Action Service, in order to qualify as an Association Agreement, an Agreement must meet several criteria[1] The Association Agreement is, in its scope and thematic coverage, the largest international legal document in the history of Ukraine and the largest international agreement with a third country ever concluded by the European Union. The conclusion of the negotiations on the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement was announced at the EU-Ukraine Summit on 19 December 2011. This agreement is broader than similar agreements between the EU and other Central or Eastern European countries. In March 2007, negotiations were launched under the EU-Ukraine Action Plan on a new and expanded agreement to replace the previous Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. 7. In a large number of cases, the Association Agreement replaces a Cooperation Agreement, thereby intensifying relations between the partners.
In recent history, such agreements have been signed under two EU policies: the Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) and the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). It defines a new format of relations between Ukraine and the EU based on „political association and economic integration“ and serves as a strategic guideline for systematic socio-economic reforms in Ukraine. PROTOCOL III – on a framework agreement between the European Union and Ukraine on the general principles of Ukraine`s participation in EU programmes The environmental impact on countries exporting agricultural products from tropical forest areas or other ecologically relevant regions, such as Brazil, has been increasingly documented by environmental groups opposed to EU trade agreements. [138] In addition, other industries with a significant environmental impact, such as mining, are developing in regions with low administrative burdens, such as South America and Asia. Industry groups argued that better economic performance in these sectors would only strengthen standards in participating countries and that EU trade agreements should go hand in hand with efforts to harmonise environmental legislation. [139] Trade agreements between the EU and other countries or free trade areas have different effects on their respective economies. The agricultural industry is most affected when regional farms have to compete with large producers who access markets when tariffs fall. In the case of large agreements such as the Association Agreement with Mercosur, European countries strongly oppose cheaper imports of meat and other products. [136] However, for the automotive and industrial products for export manufacturing sector, which typically involves large global companies, the volume increases relevant to the more industrialized trade members are evident. [137] 2. Intention to establish close economic and political cooperation (more than just cooperation); 3.
the establishment of joint cooperation management bodies empowered to take decisions binding on the Parties; 4. . . .